Effect of co-morbid anxiety and depression history on multidomain concussion clinical outcomes and recovery time
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Extant evidence supports a history of psychological health diagnoses, such as anxiety and depression, as risk factors associated with greater symptom burden and prolonged recovery following concussion. However, researchers have yet to examine the combined effect of co-morbid anxiety and depression history on multidomain clinical outcomes and recovery time following concussion. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of co-morbid anxiety and depression history on multidomain concussion clinical outcomes including concussion symptoms, cognitive and vestibular/oculomotor functioning, and recovery time. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of combined prospective cohorts from research conducted between 2019 and 2024. SETTING: Concussion specialty clinic in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. PARTICIPANTS: 628 patients aged 9–68 years within 0–384 days of a diagnosed concussion. EXPOSURES: Participants represented three groups: 1) no anxiety or depression history (NONE), 2) either anxiety or depression history (EITHER), or 3) anxiety and depression history (BOTH). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Multidomain clinical outcomes at initial clinic visit including Concussion Clinical Profile Screen (CP Screen), Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), and Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS), as well as recovery time (i.e., days from injury to medical clearance). RESULTS: 459 (73.09%) participants were in the NONE, 100…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 628 participants or records.
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