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A neurological perspective on Tarsila do Amaral's “Abaporu”: migraine aura inspiring art?

Wallyson Pablo de Oliveira Souza, P. Sousa-Santos, Juliane Prieto Peres Mercante, M. Peres, R. Silva-Néto

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2025

Abstract

Abstract Background Tarsila do Amaral's painting “Abaporu” is a seminal work in Brazilian modernist art, yet its interpretation continues to intrigue scholars due to its complex symbolism. Objective To examine “Abaporu” through the perspective of neuroesthetics, exploring potential parallels between its visual elements and sensory disturbances characteristics of migraine aura. Methods A structured review of primary and secondary art-historical sources and a systematic literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted. The analysis focused on Amaral's recurrent use of disproportion and gigantism in the 1920s and on evaluating the plausibility of a neuroesthetic hypothesis in this art-historical context. Results Our analysis indicated that the gigantism and deliberate deformation in “Abaporu” belong to a consistent program already evident in Amaral's 1920s painting. From this perspective, the painting's oversized feet and hands contrasting with a diminutive head evoke perceptual alterations reminiscent of macropsia and micropsia, phenomena linked to Alice in Wonderland Syndrome and migraine aura. Its vibrant palette and melancholic undertones, likewise, resound the sensory disturbances and affective dimensions associated with migraine, suggesting that Amaral's programmatic distortions also invite a neuroesthetic reading. Conclusion While no evidence supports a medical diagnosis of migraine in Amaral, the visual motifs and techniques in “Abaporu” can be read both as…

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