Ambient nitrogen dioxide, temperature exposure, and migraine incidence: A large prospective cohort study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify the associations of low-level ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and seasonal temperatures with migraine incidence.
BACKGROUND: Migraine is a highly disabling neurovascular disorder in which attacks are affected by short-term high-level air pollution; however, the associations of long-term low-level air pollution and climate change on migraine incidence are unknown.
METHODS: In this prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank, 407,792 participants without migraine at baseline were included. Environmental exposures were assessed monthly and yearly using zip code-linked gridded data. We compared migraine incidence across populations with varying exposure levels of NO2, seasonal temperatures, and temperature variability to assess their associations with migraine risk.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.8 years (2316 migraine cases), migraine risk increased with higher NO2 exposure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.10 per 10 μg/m3 increase; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.01-1.19), lower winter temperatures (aHR, 1.46 per 5°C decrease; 95% CI, 1.26-1.69), and higher temperature variability in both summer (aHR, 1.19 per 1°C increase; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) and winter (aHR, 1.07 per 1°C increase; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13). Joint effects were observed between NO2 and temperature patterns, with the highest risks associated with combinations of high NO2-low winter temperature (aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.42-1.95), high NO2-high summer temperature…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 407,792 participants or records.
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