Oral and Gut Dysbiosis in Migraine: Oral Microbial Signatures as Biomarkers of Migraine
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence suggests that oral health conditions may exacerbate migraine, and saliva is a potential source of biomarkers for migraine. The 3-way interaction of the oral-gut-brain axis has been implicated in several neurologic disorders, but has rarely been studied in migraine. This study examined the oral and gut microbiomes simultaneously and identified several key oral microbes that may influence migraine.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional case-control study, participants were divided into 3 groups: episodic migraine (n = 55), chronic migraine (n = 55), and healthy control (HC) (n = 55). Demographic and clinical characteristics; lifestyle factors; and biological samples including saliva, stool, and blood were collected. Composition, function, and community type of the oral and gut microbiomes were compared among the 3 groups.
RESULTS: Oral dysbiosis was more pronounced than gut dysbiosis in the migraine groups, with 13 oral genera significantly enriched or depleted compared with HCs. The migraine groups showed increased abundance of Gemella, Streptococcus, Granulicatella, and Rothia and decreased abundance of Alloprevotella, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Campylobacter, Cardiobacterium, Megasphaera, and Kingella after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors including diet. The enriched oral genera within the migraine groups were associated with carbohydrate metabolic pathways, whereas the depleted oral genera were associated…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 55 participants or records.
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