Plasma Galectin-3 as a potential predictor of chronic insomnia and its association with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in chronic migraine: A case-control study
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Chronic insomnia (CI) commonly co-occurs with chronic migraine (CM), and neuroinflammation may underlie this association. Galectin-3, a pro-inflammatory mediator, has been implicated in migraine and sleep regulation, but its role in CM-related insomnia and its link to NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study of 150 CM patients, categorized by CI status using ICSD-3 criteria and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Clinical features, psychological assessments, and plasma biomarkers (Galectin-3, NLRP3, IL-1β) were measured. Logistic regression, multiple linear regression, mediation analysis, and ROC curves evaluated associations and diagnostic performance.
RESULTS
Compared with CM without insomnia (CM-nCI), CM with insomnia (CM-CI) showed higher Galectin-3 (18.69 ± 2.95 vs. 13.41 ± 2.48 ng/mL), NLRP3 (6.72 ± 1.24 vs. 4.02 ± 1.14 ng/mL), and IL-1β (5.39 ± 1.27 vs. 3.71 ± 0.87 pg/mL; all P < 0.001). Galectin-3 independently predicted CI (adjusted OR = 1.393; 95 % CI: 1.153-1.681; P < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicated partial mediation by NLRP3 and IL-1β (41.4 % and 36.2 %, respectively). ROC analysis demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.888; cutoff = 15.85 ng/mL; sensitivity = 84.0 %; specificity = 82.0 %). Galectin-3 correlated with PSQI, anxiety, depression, migraine impact, and inflammatory markers after adjustment (all P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Elevated plasma Galectin-3 is strongly associated with CI in CM and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 150 participants or records.
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