Serum Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Migraine Presenting to PEMH, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches of varying intensity and duration. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium, have been implicated in migraine pathogenesis.Objective: This study aimed to assess serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium in migraine patients compared to healthy controls.Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, involving 180 participants, divided equally into migraine cases and healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence, while calcium and magnesium levels were determined using photometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, with p-values <0.05 considered significant.Results: Migraine patients had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D (18.2 ± 5.6 ng/mL vs. 28.4 ± 6.2 ng/mL, p<0.001), calcium (8.7 ± 0.6 mg/dL vs. 9.2 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p=0.013), and magnesium (1.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL vs. 1.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL, p=0.025). Multivariate analysis showed significant associations between higher levels of these nutrients and reduced migraine risk.Conclusion: Lower serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium are associated with an increased risk and severity of migraines, suggesting potential targets for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 180 participants or records.
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