Epidemiology of primary headache and lifestyle factors among children and adolescents: a regional school-based study in China
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Limited epidemiological data exist on pediatric headache disorders and their association with lifestyle factors in China. This study estimated the prevalence of primary headaches and examined lifestyle patterns including screen time (ST), physical activity (PA), and sleep duration that are associated with headache presence among children and adolescents in a Chinese city. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified multistage cluster sampling across four educational stages (primary, junior high, senior high, and vocational high school) in a city within the Anhui Western Region, China. Self-completed structured questionnaires were administered within classes to assess headache characteristics, ST, PA, and sleep duration. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify risk factors. RESULTS: Among 1200 potential participants, 1,128 responded (94%); exclusions left 1,025 for analysis. The 1-year headache prevalence was 47.3%, increasing from 31.4% in primary to 67.2% in senior high school. The prevalences of migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), undifferentiated headache (UdH), and probable medication-overuse headache were 8.7%, 14.6%, 21.9%, and 0.3%, respectively. Only 8.0% sought medical consultation. Past-week measures showed 51.2% reported ST ≥2 h/day, the median day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous intensity physical activity (VPA) was 1 h (Interquartile Range [IQR] 0, 3), the…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 1,200 participants or records.
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