Association between migraine and depression, anxiety, and stress in the Aseer region: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the association between migraine and depression, anxiety, and stress in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Aseer region, targeting residents aged 18 years or older. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed through a pilot study and expert review. The final version of the questionnaire was distributed online to eligible participants. Results A total of 395 eligible participants completed the study questionnaire. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to over 40 years, with a mean age of 28.5 ± 12.1 years. A total of 159 (40.3%) participants had symptomatic migraine. Migraine increased the likelihood of having depression by approximately seven times (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 3.9–12.7), anxiety disorder by approximately eight times (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 4.4–15.6), and stress by approximately five times (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1–8.3), after adjusting for the effects of other personal characteristics. Conclusion The study found that less than half of the participants met the clinical criteria for migraine, resulting in high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, even after adjusting for other participant characteristics.
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