Burden of migraine among university students in the Middle East and North Africa: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, mental health comorbidities, and disability
Abstract
Migraine is a prevalent and debilitating neurological condition that significantly impact the academic lives of university students. Despite its high prevalence, migraine is often underreported, underdiagnosed, and inadequately managed particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of migraine identified by screening, related disability, and psychological comorbidities among university students in the MENA region. We conducted a multinational cross-sectional study among university students in 11 low and middle-income countries in the MENA region, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The convenience and snowball sampling methods were used. This study utilized a validated questionnaire to collect data on migraine frequency, characteristics, disability, associated depression, anxiety, and triggers. The present study screened a total of 5,954 students for migraine. Of them, 26.1% screened positive for migraine. Iraq had the highest prevalence 38.9%, followed by Algeria 31.5%, and the lowest was in Egypt 19.9% and Morocco 18.4%. Common migraine triggers included sleeping disturbances 59.7%, noise 47.4%, and sun exposure 45.6%. Among positive cases, 23.2% had severe disability, 29.9% had moderate anxiety, and 72.5% had severe depression. The main predictors of migraine were females, older age, and non-medical field university students. Adequate hydration, sufficient sleep, regular physical activity,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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