Frequency of patent foramen ovale in migraine patient with aura versus migraine patient without aura in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine, particularly migraine with aura; however, evidence from Pakistan remains scarce. This study aimed to compare the frequency of PFO between patients with migraine with aura (MA) and those with migraine without aura (MOA) attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH) Rawalpindi, from Jan/2025 to June/2025, including 68 patients, classified into two groups according to migraine type: Group A (MA, n=36) and Group B (MOA, n=36). All participants underwent contrast-enhanced transthoracic echocardiography for assessment of PFO. Data was analyzed through SPSS-24. Chi-square / Fisher’s Exact test was used, keeping p value0.05). Additionally, PFO status was not significantly associated with age, gender, or headache severity. Conclusion: Patients who had migraine with aura had significantly higher frequency of PFO compared to those without aura.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 36 participants or records.
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