In vitro propagation of Stephania pierrei diels and exploration of its potential as sustainable phytochemical production from tuber and callus
Abstract
The tuber of Stephania pierrei Diels has been used for treating cardiovascular disease, migraine, and body edema and may exhibit antimalarial, anticancer, and anticholinesterase properties. It is also a popular ornamental plant. Consequently, plant tubers have been extensively harvested from the wild, posing a high risk of extinction. We assessed the in vitro propagation and essential phytochemical production from the calli of S. pierrei. The highest callus weight (1.52–1.59 g) induced from the tuber flesh without peel occurred when using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with basal salts supplemented with 3–4 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid. MS medium with a concentration of 3 mg/L BA was the most efficient medium for shoot regeneration, producing an average of 7.40 ± 1.140 shoots. Similarly, MS medium with 1 mg/L meta-topolin (mT) was most efficient for multiple shoot production (with an average of 13.40 ± 2.30 shoots). Root induction was successfully performed using the ½ MS medium. HPLC analysis revealed that calluses, tubers without peel, tubers with peels, and peels contained fangchinoline, cepharantine, and tetrandrine. Peels had the highest amounts of the first two alkaloids and a high amount of tetrandrine, which was related to the relative expression levels of three genes involved in the isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathway: coclaurine N-methyltransferase (CNMT), norcoclaurine synthase (NCS), and 6-O-methyltransferase (6OMT).…
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