Early and long-term effects of prophylactic and post-excision human papillomavirus vaccination on recurrent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia relative to margin status: a retrospective cohort study in the Czech Republic
Abstract
Summary Background The effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) recurrence with respect to cone margin positivity is unknown. Most studies assessed this effect beyond two months post-conisation. We aimed to determine both the duration and early onset of effect in women who had been prophylactically vaccinated or vaccinated after conisation, considering cone margin status. Methods This cohort study used data from one of the central laboratories in the Czech Republic, covering approximately 33% of women undergoing national cervical cancer screening. It included women treated for CIN2+ between 2010 and 2024 who had received either prophylactic HPV vaccination (available through the national immunisation program since 2011) or post-conisation vaccination (recommended by the Czech Gynaecological and Obstetrical Society since 2008). The vaccination effect was estimated using the incidence rate ratio (IRR) from a Poisson regression model, calculated as 100 × (1–IRR). Findings Of the 10,054 women enrolled, 919 were vaccinated after conisation, 502 prophylactically, and 169 had undetermined timing of vaccination. Throughout the follow-up period, CIN2+ recurrence was observed in 513 unvaccinated women, with a rate of 14·61 per 1000 person-years (py), in 14 prophylactically vaccinated women, with a rate of 5·84 (54% reduction; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22–73%), and in 15 women vaccinated post-excision, with a…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 10,054 participants or records.
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