Low-Generation Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimers: Novel Approach to Tackle Drug-Resistant S. aureus In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
The incessant, global increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a very big challenge for healthcare systems. AMR is predicted to grow at an alarming pace, with a dramatic increase in morbidity, mortality, and a 100 trillion US$ loss to the global economy by 2050. The mortality rate caused by methicillin-resistant S . aureus (MRSA) is much higher as compared to infections caused by drug-susceptible S . aureus . Additionally, there is a big paucity of therapeutics available for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA. Thus, the discovery and development of novel therapies is an urgent, unmet medical need. In this context, we synthesized AE4G0, a low-generation cationic-phosphorus dendrimer expressing potent antimicrobial activity against S . aureus and Enterococcus sp., and demonstrating a broad selectivity index against eukaryotic cells. AE4G0 exhibits concentration-dependent, bactericidal activity and synergizes with gentamicin, especially against gentamicin-resistant MRSA NRS119. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that treatment with AE4G0 led to the utter destruction of S . aureus ATCC 29213 without inducing resistance, despite repeated exposure. When tested in vivo, AE4G0 demonstrates significant efficacy against S . aureus ATCC 29213, alone and in combination with gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant S . aureus NRS119 in the murine skin model of infection. Taken together, AE4G0 demonstrates the potential to be translated as a novel…
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