34 The influence and interaction of nutrition with the immune system in companion animal models
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of nutrients in a species-specific manner has both practical and academic benefits for improving animal health. Therefore, species-specific animal models and research reagents are crucial to understanding molecular and physiological pathways. However, limitations in repeatable, descriptive models, sample size, and the ethics of companion animal research result in often needing to make inferences from human, murine, and other related immunology and nutrition research models. Recent companion animal work has focused on the impact of key nutrients in animal diets, including fat-soluble vitamins D, and E, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), overall amino acid and energy balance over the lifespan, minerals including zinc and selenium, and feed additives such as probiotics and beta glucans. The selected research model, samples able to be collected, and available reagents for sample analysis will impact potential outcomes and inferences made from the data, including both acute to chronic impacts. From a theoretical standpoint, the balance between nutrient supplementation and impact includes understanding nutrients and responses of a model system in both deficiency and therapeutic level settings. For example, when supplementing Vitamin D, Vitamin E, or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function, such as pathogen clearance, improved vaccine titer responses, or reduce inflammation.…
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