Greenness, blueness, and whiteness profiles of HPTLC method for the simultaneous assay of tenofovir and emtricitabine in fixed-dose combination dosage forms
Abstract
The literature does not have any sustainable high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methods for concurrently identifying tenofovir (TEN) and emtricitabine (ECT). Therefore, the proposed study develops and verifies a sustainable reverse-phase HPTLC methodology for determining TEN and ECT concurrently in their fixed-dose combination (FDC) products. The wavelength at which TEN and ECT were simultaneously identified was 255 nm. A 70:30 v/v binary mixture of ethanol and water served as the green development system. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. The validated method was applied for the simultaneous determination of TEN and ECT in commercial FDC tablets. The method's greenness, blueness, and whiteness profiles were evaluated using eight different tools: "the analytical eco-scale (AES), chloroform toxicity (ChlorTox), analytical GREEnness (AGREE), modified green analytical procedure index (MoGAPI), complex MoGAPI, blue applicability grade index (BAGI), carbon footprint reduction index (CaFRI), and click analytical chemistry index (CACI)". For both medications, the devised technique was linear in the range of 25-1000 ng/band. In addition, the created approach was proven to be accurate (% recoveries = 99.12-100.70 for TEN and 100.57-101.83 for ECT), precise (% RSD = 0.85-0.99 for TEN and 0.88-0.97 for ECT), sensitive (LOD = 8.50 ng/band for TEN and 8.39 ng/band for ECT, LOQ = 25.51…
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