Solvent-free β-glucan-coated VD3 nanoliposomes: Physicochemical characterization and preliminary in vitro evaluation
Abstract
Context: Vitamin D3 (VD3) has attracted interest in colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, its limited solubility in aqueous media and low oral bioavailability restrict its pharmaceutical application. Solvent-free nanocarrier systems offer an alternative formulation approach that does not involve the use of organic solvents.
Aims: To develop β-glucan-coated VD3-loaded nanoliposomes and evaluate their physicochemical properties, storage stability, in vitro release, and preliminary effects on HCT-116 cell viability using the MTT assay.
Methods: VD3-loaded nanoliposomes were prepared using mild heating, probe sonication, virgin coconut oil (VCO) pre-dispersion, and β-glucan coating. The selected formulations were characterized using FTIR, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, validated UV–Vis spectrophotometry, cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), in vitro drug release, storage stability, and MTT assays.
Results: The β-glucan-coated formulation exhibited a particle size of 201.8 ± 15.8 nm, PDI of 0.14 ± 0.09, zeta potential of −58.76 ± 1.86 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 88.73 ± 0.70%, with a more uniform vesicular morphology than that of the uncoated formulation. It also showed a more controlled in vitro release profile and greater reduction in HCT-116 cell viability at intermediate concentrations.
Conclusions: β-Glucan coating improved the physicochemical performance of VD3-loaded nanoliposomes, providing a more controlled in vitro release…
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