Effects of composition, finishing, and salivary pH on physicomechanical and biological properties of additively manufactured resin-ceramic composites: An in vitro study
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of composition and finishing on the physicomechanical and biological properties of additively manufactured resin-ceramic composites (AM RCs) for definitive restorations under simulated oral environments with different pH levels.
METHODS
Disk- and bar-shaped specimens were fabricated with 4 AM RCs (Crowntec [CT], Freeprint Crown [FP], VarseoSmile TriniQ [TQ], and VarseoSmile Crown plus [CP]). The specimens underwent either polishing or glazing and were immersed in artificial saliva at neutral and acidic pH levels (37°C, 7 days). Each saliva-conditioned specimen was evaluated for microhardness (HV), flexural strength (FS), protein adsorption (OD), water sorption (WS), and bacterial adhesion (BA). Cell morphology and migration were evaluated. A 3-way aligned rank transform analysis of variance was performed for HV, FS, OD, WS, and BA, followed by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05).
RESULTS
CT showed the highest HV (P<0.001). CT had the highest FS, whereas CP had the lowest (P<0.05). Glazed AM RCs showed lower OD than polished AM RCs in acidic saliva (P<0.001). For WS, FP was the highest in neutral saliva, while TQ was the highest in acidic saliva (P<0.05). BA was significantly affected by salivary pH (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
CT showed superior physicomechanical properties. In acidic saliva, all AM RCs showed lower OD after glazing, whereas BA increased regardless of composition or finishing.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCES
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