Effectiveness of vaping prevention campaign messages on cognitive and behaviorally proximal outcomes among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Vaping among adolescents has decreased but remains common among young adults, with ongoing concerns about nicotine health risks. Public health campaigns have increased vaping prevention messages, but evidence on their effectiveness, especially on cognitive and behavioral outcomes, is limited.
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize recent experimental evidence on the effects of campaign-related vaping prevention messages on cognitive outcomes (e.g., knowledge, risk perception, perceived message effectiveness) and behaviorally proximal indicators (e.g., susceptibility to vaping and intentions to vape) among adolescents and young adults.
Methods: A systematic search of five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science) was conducted through January 2025. Thirteen Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria, with six eligible for meta-analysis. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO ( CRD42025643032). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate pooled effect sizes.
Results: The included studies (n=13) involved 11,235 participants aged 11-29 years. Most of the studies evaluated large-scale media campaigns or message-based interventions. Meta-analysis of six studies showed a statistically significant moderate effect on perceived vaping-related risk (Hedges' g = 0.254; 95% CI: 0.187-0.321),…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 11,235 participants or records.
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