Alpha emitters concentration of natural radionuclides and lung cancer cases in blood of smokers and non-smokers using passive detector
Abstract
Abstract Recently, cigarettes, vapes, and hookahs are very common in Kurdistan region, Iraq. As a result, natural radionuclides, such as 222Rn, 226Ra, 214Po, and 218Po, are inhaled by smoking which increases the possibility of cancer. In this study, blood samples were taken from volunteers at seven age groups. A solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39) was used to detect radon gas and their daughters in male blood samples. The results show that the mean values of alpha emitters concentrations from 222Rn, 226Ra, 214Po, and 218Po in powdered blood samples for cigarette, vape, hookah smokers and non-smokers were 207.78, 239.02, 251.87, 25.92 Bq m−3, 0.794, 0.913, 0.962, 0.099 Bq kg−1, 29.686, 34.150, 35.985, 3.703 Bq m−3 on the walls of the chamber (POW), and 36.202, 41.645, 43.884, 4.516 Bq m−3 on the face of detector (POS) respectively. The findings demonstrate that age and smoking affect all alpha emitters. It was noted that hookah smokers had a higher alpha emitters concentration than other groups. The mean value for smokers were within the recommended global exposure limit of 200 Bq m−3 for 222Rn, while non-smokers were well below it. Then, absorbed effective dose by an inhalation of 222Rn and for smokers’ lung have been found for cigarette, vape, hookah smokers and non-smokers which were within the recommended limit (3–10 mSv y−1) for smokers as recommended by ICRP. In addition, the mean case of lung cancer for smokers were within the EU limit. Results indicate that…
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