Smoking and vaping in prevocational schools: qualitative insights to support the development of effective prevention strategies
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Educational disparities in smoking emerge early, with adolescent smoking strongly linked to educational level. This study aims to explore the current situation, and students' and teachers' attitudes towards smoking and vaping, prevention, and experiences and needs for effective smoking prevention programs in prevocational schools. METHODS: Semi-structured focus groups with 40 (non)smoking and vaping students and individual interviews with six teachers were conducted at two Dutch prevocational schools in 2024, one with and one without prior experience in a smoking and/or vaping prevention program. Interactive tasks (e.g., mind maps, opinion statements) were used in the focus groups. Qualitative data were analysed using the Framework Approach. RESULTS: Students perceived e-cigarettes as healthier than traditional cigarettes, viewed (e-)cigarette use as a personal choice and denied addiction despite regular use. E-cigarettes were widely available in and around both schools through students, while traditional cigarettes were limited to outdoor areas. The availability of e-cigarettes inside schools seemed to increase their appeal. Students purchased e-cigarettes via social media and dealers, bypassing age and flavour bans. Students preferred non-judgmental, open discussions in prevention programs, without parental involvement. Students with parents who use cigarettes found parental correction ineffective, while others made no comments on this. Teachers reported…
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