Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Uropathogens Isolated from Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Hospital, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Approach
Abstract
Abstract Background Uropathogens and their resistance to antibiotics in Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients are a significant global health concern. This study assesses the prevalence of uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance among T2DM patients seeking healthcare at Sunyani Teaching Hospital (STH), Ghana. Method A cross-sectional study involving 261 T2DM patients at STH in the Bono Region of Ghana was conducted from November 2024 to September 2025. A structured questionnaire and hospital records were used to collect patient data. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were obtained using a glucometer. Early morning midstream urine samples were collected and assessed for uropathogens, pyuria, and glucosuria. Positive uropathogen was defined as a colony-forming unit (CFU) ≥ 10 5 /mL. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results Of the 261 patients, involving 54 (20.7%) males and 207 (79.3%) females, 72 (27.6%) tested positive for uropathogens. Enterococcus species, 18 (25.0%); Enterobacter species, 15 (20.8%); Escherichia coli , 9 (12.5%); and Candida species, 9 (12.5%), were the most common uropathogens identified. The use of a water closet (P 5] (P E. coli, S. epidermidis, Acinetobacter spp, and Citrobacter spp . were resistant to ≥ 3 classes of the test drugs, while Enterococcus spp . was susceptible to all the test drugs except tetracycline. Levofloxacin and meropenem showed 100% efficacy in all the Gram-positive and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 261 participants or records.
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