Vape USE among generation Z students: a systematic literature review of the shift in smoking behavior, risk perception, and the influence of social media
Abstract
The rapid increase in electronic cigarette (vape) use among Generation Z has emerged as a significant public health concern, driven by changing smoking behaviors, evolving risk perceptions, and the widespread influence of digital media. This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding vape use among Generation Z students, focusing on the shift in smoking behavior, risk perception, and the influence of social media. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar, yielding 500 records. After duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, ten studies published between 2023 and 2026 met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that vaping has become increasingly common among Generation Z, accompanied by misconceptions regarding its health risks and reinforced by social media exposure, peer influence, and digital marketing. Environmental and psychosocial factors also contribute to vaping initiation and continuation. This review concludes that comprehensive tobacco control policies, evidence-based health communication, digital media literacy, and stricter regulation of online vape promotion are essential to reduce vape use and prevent nicotine dependence among Generation Z students.
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