The Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Use on the Development and Progression of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease that impacts the tissues surrounding and supporting teeth. As well as being untreated, it leads to serious dental and overall health issues. While cigarette smoking is widely recognized as a major risk factor for the development and progression of periodontitis, the effects of vaping use on periodontal health remain a subject of growing concern.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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