Adverse effects of E-cigarettes or Vapes in otherwise Healthy Young and Middle-aged Adults who have No History of Smoking: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Introduction: The use of Electronic cigarettes and Vapes have been widely accepted as a less-harmful means of smoking when compared to cigarettes. While this is true, the adverse effects and harms of E-cigarettes and Vaping are not inconsequential.
Methods: We searched the PubMed database exclusively for Randomized controlled trials, while limiting our search between 2007 – 2023. We initially identified 234 articles from PubMed which were then screened by abstract. Articles were screened for relevance based on the topic of E-cigarettes or Vaping and of adverse effects. Exclusion of 205 studies left 29 full-text articles to assess. Assessing based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria left 6 studies eligible for systematic analysis. Data extraction was performed on each study with focus on baseline demographics and covariates. Using the Jadad-scale, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of each study on a 5 point scale. It was found that 1 study was of poor quality, 4 studies were of moderate quality and 1 study was of good quality.
Results: 6 RCTs were included in the analysis with 4 being performed in the United States, 1 in Italy and 1 in Canada. A total of 137 participants were included in the randomized controlled trials published between 2015 and 2021. Acute vaping indicated a positive correlation and dose-response relationship with an increase in CD14, CD16, T-cells, natural killers and monocytes. Furthermore, the findings from the review…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 137 participants or records.
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