Efficacy and Safety of Varenicline for Vaping Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Although varenicline is efficacious and safe for smoking cessation, its role in vaping cessation remains uncertain.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing varenicline with placebo for vaping cessation. The primary outcome was the most rigorous criterion of biochemically validated vaping abstinence at maximum follow-up. Secondary outcomes were 7-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence at end of treatment and maximum follow-up. Safety outcomes included any adverse events and serious adverse events. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models.
RESULTS
Three RCTs were included, comprising 178 participants randomized to varenicline and 177 to placebo. The mean participant age ranged from 21-54 years, and the proportion of males ranged from 46-51%. Treatment duration was 8-12 weeks, and maximum follow-up was 12-24 weeks. The pooled RR for varenicline versus placebo for vaping abstinence at maximum follow-up was 2.20 (95% CI 0.58-8.36). Varenicline was associated with doubling of 7-day point prevalence abstinence at end of treatment (RR: 2.29; 95% CI 1.21-4.33) and maximum follow-up (RR: 2.22; 95% CI 1.03-4.81). In the two trials reporting continuous abstinence, rates were greater with varenicline than placebo at end of treatment (51% vs 14% and 40% vs 20%) and maximum follow-up (28% vs 7% and 34% vs 17%). Most adverse events were mild…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 178 participants or records.
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