Smoking and Cardiovascular Health with Herbal Treatment
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the impact of smoking on cardiovascular health, highlighting the
epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and associated risks, including atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and a
prothrombotic state. The review synthesizes extensive research demonstrating that both active and passive exposure to cigarette
smoke significantly elevate the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, principally through inflammatory, oxidative, and
thrombotic pathways, and by unfavorably altering lipid profiles. Additionally, the article explores the potential benefits of herbal
interventions—such as Moringa oleifera, Ginseng, and Ginkgo biloba—in reducing cardiovascular risk factors and improving
patient outcomes, attributing their efficacy to multi-target anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid lowering properties. The
article concludes that while traditional cessation strategies have reduced global smoking rates, integrating herbal therapies with
established treatments could enhance cardiovascular prevention, though further rigorous clinical trials are warranted to confirm
their long-term safety and efficacy.
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