Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Health-Related Social Needs among Youth in a Largely Rural Health System
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and health-related social needs (HRSN) among youth 6-17 years receiving care in a primarily rural health system.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study of patients 6-17 years who were eligible for a pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial. Patients with a blood pressure (BP) measurement at a primary care visit between 8/1/2022-7/31/2023 were included. Primary measures were CVD risk factors, identified through diagnoses, problem lists and clinical data, and the presence of one or more HRSN as reported in a validated questionnaire. Contingency tables and logistic regression analyses were used to quantify associations between CVD risk factors and HRSN.
RESULTS
A total of 33,192 patients (mean 11.6 years, 49.6% male, 55.3% rural) were included. Smoking, obesity, and BP were routinely assessed while diabetes and dyslipidemia were evaluated in a subset. Thirty-five percent had at least one CVD risk factor. Obesity (21.0%) and smoking or passive smoke exposure (16.8%) occurred frequently while diabetes or prediabetes (3.0%) and hypertension or hypertensive level blood pressure (2.3%) were infrequent. Financial strain (4.0%), food worry (3.3%), and food insecurity (2.4%) were the most often reported HRSN. Having a HRSN was associated with CVD risk factors including smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25-2.99), diabetes or prediabetes (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI:…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 33,192 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Tobacco and COPD: presenting the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Knowledge Summary
- Comparative effects of e-cigarette smoking on periodontal status, salivary pH, and cotinine levels
- Association between exposure to environmental pollutants and increased oral health risks, a comprehensive review
- Influence of gestational window on offspring vascular health in rodents with in utero exposure to electronic cigarettes
- Natural products as kinase inhibitors in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical trials
- Nicotine in electronic cigarettes
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.