Analysis of Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Physiological Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research
Abstract
Purpose Indonesia is facing an increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) every year. We assessed the modifiable, non-modifiable, and physiological risk factors of NCDs among the Indonesian population. Methods Secondary data was analyzed from the 2018 Indonesian basic health research (RISKESDAS). The national survey included participants aged 15–54 years and obtained 514,351 responses. Linear systematic two-stage sampling was conducted by RISKESDAS. Furthermore, chi-square and binary logistic regression were utilized to explore the determinant of NCDs with a significance level of 95%. Results We found that almost 10% respondents in Indonesia had NCDs. We observed that depression has a higher odd (aOR: 2.343; 95% CI: 2.235–2.456) contributed to NCDs and followed other factors such as no education (aOR: 1.049; 95% CI: 1.007–1.092), passive smoking (aOR: 0.910; 95% CI: 0.878–0.942), fatty food (aOR: 1.050; 95% CI: 1.029–1.073), burnt food (aOR: 1.033; 95% CI: 1.005–1.062), food with preservatives (aOR: 1.038; 95% CI: 1.002–1.075), seasoned food (aOR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.030–1.084), soft drinks (aOR: 1.112; 95% CI: 1.057–1.169), living in an urban area (aOR: 1.143; 95% CI: 1.119–1.168), living in central Indonesia (1.243; 95% CI: 1.187–1.302), being female (aOR: 1.235; 95% CI: 1.177–1.25), and obese (aOR: 1.787; 95% CI: 1.686–1.893). Conversely, people in Indonesia who undertook vigorous activity (aOR: 0.892; 95% CI: 0.864–0.921), had employment (aOR: 0.814; 95% CI:…
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