Effect of Vaping on the Development and Progression of Periodontitis
Abstract
Introduction: The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), commonly known as e-cigarettes or vapes, has increased exponentially in recent years, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Although these devices are often promoted as a safer alternative to conventional tobacco, emerging evidence indicates that the aerosols they generate, containing nicotine, aldehydes and metallic nanoparticles, may exert detrimental effects on oral tissues.
Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the impact of vaping on periodontal health, with particular emphasis on its effects on the oral microbiota, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and tissue healing mechanisms.
Methods: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the keywords (“vaping” OR “e-cigarettes”) AND (“periodontitis” OR “periodontal disease”). Articles published in English or Spanish between 2010 and 2025 were considered. The selection included in-vitro experimental studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated the relationship between the use of ENDS and periodontal or peri-implant health. A total of 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. These studies were qualitatively assessed according to their methodology, study population and main findings.
Results: Evidence suggests that aerosols generated by ENDS induce oxidative stress, stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and…
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