Increased Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Due to Long-Term Passive Smoking
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of long-term passive smoking on the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women. Methods We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study involving 2,360 women aged ≥40 years in Jinan, China (October 1, 2022-April 30, 2023). Participants underwent comprehensive assessments including pulmonary function tests (spirometry), hematological analyses, and structured questionnaires evaluating COPD symptoms and passive smoking exposure. Based on exposure history, subjects were stratified into long-term passive smoking (LPS, n = 610) and non-passive smoking (NPS, n = 1,750) cohorts. Results Comparative analysis revealed significant pulmonary function impairment in the LPS group versus NPS controls: lower FEV1 (2.97±0.61 vs 3.25±0.37 L, p < 0.05), reduced FEV1% predicted (78.20±10.18 vs 81.47±14.69, p < 0.05), decreased FEV1/FVC ratio (83.32±11.20 vs 87.23±10.32%, p < 0.05). Small airway dysfunction was more pronounced in LPS participants, evidenced by: diminished MEF75% (77.58±11.95 vs 86.08±14.02 L/s, p < 0.05), reduced MEF50% (62.76±19.79 vs 89.36±16.78 L/s, p < 0.05), lower MMEF (80.87±12.80 vs 87.46±11.26 L/s, p < 0.05). The LPS group demonstrated: higher prevalence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm, 5.74% vs 2.91%); increased annual exacerbation frequency (p < 0.05), elevated systemic inflammatory markers (p < 0.05), greater symptom severity (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that chronic…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 2,360 participants or records.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Tobacco and COPD: presenting the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Knowledge Summary
- Comparative effects of e-cigarette smoking on periodontal status, salivary pH, and cotinine levels
- Association between exposure to environmental pollutants and increased oral health risks, a comprehensive review
- Influence of gestational window on offspring vascular health in rodents with in utero exposure to electronic cigarettes
- Natural products as kinase inhibitors in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical trials
- Nicotine in electronic cigarettes
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.