Factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among Tunisian children
Abstract
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that affects millions of children and adolescents worldwide. Knowledge of risk factors associated with ADHD may reduce its prevalence and its severe impact on patient’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with ADHD and to discuss their involvement in the genesis of the disorder. Methods This is a case-control study involving a first group of 74 children (mean age = 9 years) diagnosed with ADHD. The second group included 80 healthy control children. They were randomly selected and matched for age and gender. A literature-based questionnaire assessing the socio-demographic data, biological and environmental factors associated with ADHD was administered to the parents. The diagnosis of ADHD group was made by a trained child psychiatrist according to the DSM-5 criteria supplemented by the Conners scales of parents and teachers. For the control group, we added to the questionnaire the MINI-kid section of ADHD to screen for possible presence of ADHD symptoms. Univariate then multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with ADHD. Results Several factors were more prevalent in children with ADHD than in controls: disturbed family dynamics, low socio-economic status, family history of psychiatric and organic pathologies, and particularly several early environmental factors, including passive smoking during pregnancy,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 80 participants or records.
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