The relationship between passive smoking and hypertension in adults and the elderly In Dimong Village, Madiun District, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: In Dimong Village, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia, showed a hypertension prevalence of 40%, higher than the national. Passive smoking is a risk factor for hypertension, and 41.7% suffer from hypertension. However, sometimes passive smokers have lower resting blood pressure. What is the relationship between passive smoking status and the incidence of hypertension? This study aims to determine the relationship between the two.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dimong Village. A total of 94 individuals aged 18 years and over were selected as respondents using simple random sampling and met the sample criteria. The study variables consisted of passive smoking and hypertension. In addition to blood pressure measurements using a digital sphygmomanometer, respondents were also interviewed to determine whether their status as passive smokers was related to their hypertension using a questionnaire. The data obtained were then analyzed using a chi-square test to determine the relationship between the two variables.
Results: The incidence of passive smoking remains high (81.91%), particularly among those aged 61-70, women, those with low levels of education, and those who are unemployed (housewives). Similarly, the incidence of hypertension remains high (52.12%), with similar characteristics, but is more prevalent among those who have graduated from high school or its equivalent. The probability value of the association between passive smoking and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 94 participants or records.
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