Awareness of Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Diseases in Punjab: A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Risk Factors, and Socio-Demographic Determinants
Abstract
Background: Respiratory diseases are among the leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality, with obstructive and restrictive lung diseases posing significant health and socioeconomic challenges. In India, the burden is disproportionately high due to widespread risk factors such as smoking, household air pollution, occupational exposures, and post-tuberculosis sequelae. Punjab, with its high prevalence of tobacco use, industrial and agricultural exposures, and reliance on biomass fuels, faces particular vulnerability. Despite this, community awareness regarding risk factors, symptoms, and preventive strategies remains poorly documented.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults in Punjab using a structured, self-administered Google Form questionnaire. The tool comprised four sections: socio-demographic data, exposure history, 20 multiple-choice knowledge questions on obstructive and restrictive lung diseases, and overall knowledge scoring (excellent: 16–20; good: 12–15; fair: 8–11; poor: 0–7). The questionnaire was validated through expert review and pilot testing (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations between knowledge levels and socio-demographic factors, with significance set at p <0.05.
Results: Of the 400 respondents, 37.0% were aged 30–44 years, and the gender distribution was nearly equal. Urban residents constituted 53.5% of the…
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