Effects of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) on Periodontitis in Smoker Patients (A Narrative Review)
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the tooth. An individual's smoking status and daily cigarette consumption directly influences periodontitis by increasing severity. Smoking is associated with increased risk of the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The foundation of periodontal therapy is Non-Surgical PeriodontalTherapy (NSPT), comprised of scaling and Root Surface Debridement (RSD), aimed to reducing inflammation and improving clinical parameters such as Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding On Probing (BOP), and Plaque Index (PI). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of NSPT might be affected by several factors, including smoking. The purpose of this review article is to assess the effects of NSPT on periodontitis patients, emphasizing the comparison of the results between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers have a high risk of periodontal disease recurrence and experience negative effects on the outcomes of NSPT. Compared to nonsmoker periodontitis patients, smokers with periodontitis tend to respond less favorable to NSPT.
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