Effects of empagliflozin, sitagliptin and metformin on omentin 1 and resistin in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, a prospective study
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are characterized by a persistent, low‑grade inflammatory state that impairs the normal balance of adipokine activity. Among these adipokines, omentin‑1, which elicits anti‑inflammatory effects, and resistin stimulate inflammation due to their correlation with the accumulation of visceral fat, insulin resistance and various cardiometabolic disorders. However, how the effects of conventional therapy on these adipokines differ in patients who have not previously received treatment remains uncertain. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of three treatment groups on circulating adipokine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. This 12-week, prospective, open-label, parallel-group study included 144 treatments-naive adults with newly diagnosed T2DM who were allocated to empagliflozin–metformin ( n = 50), sitagliptin–metformin ( n = 50) and metformin monotherapy ( n = 44). Circulating omentin-1 and resistin levels were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks using ELISA, and the level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed on an automated analyser (cobas c 111). Additional outcomes included fasting blood glucose levels and routine anthropometric measures. As the adipokine values were nonnormally distributed, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. Participants in all groups were middle-aged (mean 50–54 years) who were uniformly overweight or obese. Empagliflozin–metformin produced a substantial increase in…
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