Cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in diabetes: diagnostics and management (Update 2026)
Abstract
The interplay between diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and heart failure requires a holistic treatment approach. At the first manifestation of any cardiovascular disease, active screening for diabetes mellitus should always be performed. Conversely, in patients with established diabetes mellitus cardiovascular risk stratification must comprise relevant risk factors, biomarkers and the clinical situation to ensure an optimal individualized management. The integration of diabetological, cardiological and additional specialist expertise is essential to detect cardiovascular complications early in people with diabetes and to treat them effectively.
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