ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN ON HUMAN PANCREATIC CANCER MIA PaCa-2 CELLS
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited therapeutic options, emphasizing the need to identify novel antiproliferative agents. Empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has recently gained attention due to its potential anticancer and metabolic regulatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of empagliflozin on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Mia PaCa-2. Methods: Mia PaCa-2 cells were cultured under standard conditions and treated with increasing concentrations of empagliflozin (0.1–20 µM). Cell viability was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 hours using the MTT assay. Morphological alterations in treated cells were evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Empagliflozin significantly reduced cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. At 24 hours, significant inhibition was observed at 2–20 µM. At 48 hours, significant reductions occurred at 0.5–20 µM. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed at 72 hours, where all tested concentrations significantly decreased cell viability compared with control. The highest concentration (20 µM) reduced viability to approximately 37.4%. Morphological analysis confirmed decreased cell density, cell rounding, and detachment. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that…
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