Meat intake is associated with a higher risk of ulcerative colitis in a large European prospective cohort study
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
We aimed to investigate the association between protein intake and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
METHODS
413 593 participants from eight European countries were included. Dietary data were collected at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. Dietary data were calibrated to correct errors of measures related to each country-specific questionnaire. Associations between proteins (total, animal, and vegetable) or food sources of animal proteins, and IBD risk were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models.
RESULTS
After a mean follow-up of 16 years, 177 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 418 with ulcerative colitis (UC), were identified. There was no association between total protein, animal, or vegetable protein intakes and CD or UC risks. Total meat and red meat intakes were associated with UC risk (HR for the 4 thvs. 1 st quartile = 1.40; 95% CI = 0.99-1.98; P-trend = 0.01; and 1.61; 95% CI = 1.10-2.36, P-trend = 0.007, respectively). There was no association between other food sources of animal protein (processed meat, fish, shellfish, eggs, poultry) and UC. We found no association between food sources of animal proteins and CD risk.
CONCLUSION
Meat and red meat consumptions are associated with higher risks of UC. These results support dietary counseling of low meat intake in people at high-risk of IBD.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 413 participants or records.
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