The effects of vaginal infections on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in China
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the correlation between vaginal infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a Chinese obstetric population. This study was conducted at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai from 2021 to 2023. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of various vaginal infections and their associations with preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Data were collected from medical records, with vaginal infection diagnoses confirmed through standard laboratory procedures. This study included women who registered and delivered at our hospital between 2021 and 2023. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to control confounding factors, excluding women with a history of syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis virus infection, or non-live birth outcomes. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, whereas categorical variables were assessed using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression analysis was employed for multivariate assessments to determine whether vaginal infections were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vaginal infections were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with vaginal infections had higher rates of PTB (15.65% vs. 9.16%, P < 0.001), LBW (10.82% vs. 5.93%, P < 0.001), and PPROM (7.41% vs. 5.31%, P < 0.001)…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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