Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Antibiotics Used For Lower Respiratory Tract Infections In Adults: A Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation In A Tertiary Care Hospital
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Cost-effective antibiotic selection is therefore essential to optimize clinical outcomes while minimizing economic burden. Empirical antibiotic therapy is commonly used in LRTIs, guided by clinical criteria such as the Anthonisen classification in AECOPD. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and prescribing patterns of antibiotics used in adult LRTI patients at a tertiary care hospital in India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted over three months in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval. A total of 150 adult patients (≥18 years) admitted with pneumonia or AECOPD were included. Patients were treated with one of four antibiotics—Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Azithromycin, Cefpodoxime, or Levofloxacin. Pregnant or lactating women, outpatients, and patients with co-morbidities were excluded. Data were collected from the Medical Records Department using a structured Case Record Form, documenting demographic, clinical, and therapeutic details. Disease severity was graded using the CORB scale for pneumonia and CRP, X-ray, and sputum findings for AECOPD. Antibiotic regimens were analyzed for drug choice, dosage, route, duration, and total cost. Brand-wise comparisons were made for therapeutic efficacy and…
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