Experimental evaluation of levofloxacin efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Abstract
Abstract Background Key mechanisms contributing to antibacterial resistance include efflux pump overexpression and enzymatic drug inactivation. Levofloxacin, a widely prescribed fluoroquinolone, demonstrates potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Gram-negative pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to compromise its clinical utility. To date, there is a paucity of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) data of levofloxacin against previously characterised MDR isolates with defined resistance mechanisms. Methods Using agar well diffusion and agar dilution techniques, this experimental study evaluated the antibacterial activity, MIC, and MBC of levofloxacin against 20 bacterial isolates, comprising 18 previously characterised clinical MDR isolates and 2 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) served as drug-susceptible quality control strains. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Three of eight Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were non-susceptible to levofloxacin across four tested concentrations ranging from 6.25 to…
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