Topical Formulations Containing Mentha piperita for Wound Healing: A Scoping Review
Abstract
Skin wound infections represent a major clinical challenge, exacerbated by biofilm formation and the increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance. Essential oils, particularly those of Mentha piperita, are well recognized for their antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. This scoping review mapped the available evidence on the use of topical formulations containing M. piperita-derived products for wound healing, with a focus on formulation vehicles, concentrations, experimental models, and efficacy parameters. Following JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS (2010-2025). Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were preclinical, comprising in vitro (35%), in vivo (30%), and combined in vitro/in vivo (30%) models. Only one ex vivo study was identified, and no clinical trials were found. The formulations investigated ranged from creams and gels to nanoemulsions, lipid carriers, films, and nanofibers, with concentrations varying from 0.5% to 20%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently tested strain and showed greater susceptibility to peppermint essential oil (PEO). Incorporation into nanostructured systems was associated with improved stability, enhanced skin permeation, and superior antimicrobial performance, particularly when combined with nanoparticles, metals, other bioactive compounds, or, in specific cases, clinical antibiotics such as levofloxacin. Across both…
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