A Novel In Situ Gel-Based Nanoparticle System for Controlled Release of Levofloxacin in Bacterial Infections
Abstract
Objective: Develop and evaluate levofloxacin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles incorporated into a thermosensitive in-situ gel for sustained ocular drug delivery. Methods: PLGA and Eudragit RL100, stabilised by polyvinyl alcohol, were used to prepare levofloxacinloaded nanoparticles using the oil-in-water emulsification solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were incorporated into a poloxamer-based thermosensitive in-situ gel by the cold dispersion method. Formulations (F1 to F6) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, pH, gelation behaviour, viscosity, SEM, XRD, and in vitro drug release. Results: F3 showed the best performance with a particle size of 5.62 nm, zeta potential of −18 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 96.265%. The formulation displayed a pH of 7.25, a gelation time of 35 seconds, and an ideal gelling temperature of 37 °C. XRD and SEM indicated uniform spherical morphology, while SEM indicated reduced crystallinity. Studies conducted in vitro and ex vivo demonstrated sustained drug release (90% versus 87% at 6 hours). Conclusion: F3 nanoparticle in-situ gel formulations demonstrated suitable physicochemical characteristics and sustained drug release, indicating their potential as an effective ocular drug delivery system.
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