The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro: A systematic review of experimental studies
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is thought to be related to many diseases. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) may induce excessive oxidative stress in various cell types and thereby have the potential to compromise human and animal health. The objective of this systematic review (SR) is to summarize and evaluate the literature on the relation between the exposure to RF-EMF in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 300 GHz and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
METHODS
The SR framework was developed following the guidelines established in the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and NTP/OHAT's Handbook for Conducting a Literature-Based Health Assessment. We used the latter handbook's methodology for implementing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach for environmental health assessments. We searched the following databases up until June 30, 2023: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the EMF-Portal. The reference lists of included studies and retrieved review articles were also manually searched. We rated Risk of Bias (RoB) using the OHAT RoB Rating Tool and assessed publication bias using funnel plots of included studies. We assessed the certainty of the evidence (high, moderate, low, or very low) for an association between RF-EMF and oxidative stress using an adapted version of the GRADE framework. Data were extracted according to a predefined set of forms…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in animal and cell cultures (in vitro), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health. Reported size: 328 participants or records.
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