The Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guerin Immunization and Contact History on the Risk of Leprosy: Meta Analysis of Case Control Study

Priscilla Jessica Pihahey, B. Murti, Y. Dewi

Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 2020

2,435 participants · 1 citation

Abstract

Background: Leprosy or Hansen's is an infec­tious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprosy. The incubation period is 3 to 20 years and affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and eyes. Based on research in leprosy endemic areas, BCG immu­nization provides protection against the risk of developing disease. Contact with untreated sufferers can lead to leprosy. This study aims to see how much influence BCG immunization and contact history have on the risk of leprosy by meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study was carried out by collecting articles from PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, Spinger Link, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Embase, LILACS, Em­base, Emerald, PLOS, and Perpusnas data­bases. The key words are "leprosy OR" hansen desease "AND" risk factor "AND" immunization BCG "OR" vaccine BCG "AND" household con­tacts "AND" odds ratio". The inclusion criterion was a full text study. Article searches from 1949 to 2020 used English and Indonesian. The study design was case control and the results are reported in Adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR). Articles that meet the requirements are analyzed using the Revman 5.4 application. Results: Fifteen articles were reviewed in this study with a total of 2,435 case subjects and 4,212 controls. The results of the meta-analysis showed that getting BCG immu­nization reduced the risk of leprosy by 0.77 times com­pared to not getting BCG immu­nization (aOR=…

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