Irregular meal and migraine headache: a scoping review
Abstract
Migraines are a type of headache, with certain types being more severe than others. The aim of this scoping review is to map the association between migraine headache and irregular meals, including skipping meals or missed diets and fasting. The six-stages methodological framework of Arksey & O’Malley for scoping reviews was used. A protocol was registered on OSF on November 17, 2024 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z8C7M) as OSF preregistration for Generalized Systematic Review Registration. Searches were made from the Cochrane Library, Research for Life, PQD Evidence, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases. To make comprehensive searches, Google Scholar, Google, and grey literature sources, including databases of relevant organizations, were searched. Only studies published in English without a date limit were considered. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two groups of reviewers independently. Thirty-six studies were included in this review. It includes systematic reviews, randomized placebo-control trials, cohort studies, literature reviews, chart reviews, case control studies, case studies, and cross-sectional studies. Some studies found no clear link between meal omission and migraines, with mixed evidence on the role of dietary factors as triggers. But the majority of studies suggest that fasting and skipping meals, especially breakfast, can trigger migraines by reducing brain glucose levels and causing hypoglycemia, a known trigger. The…
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