Association of High Agatston Coronary Artery Calcium Score with Critical Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Abstract
Objective: To determine the association and pattern of critical coronary artery disease in patients with highcalcium scores.Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from May 2025 to August 2025.Methods: A total of 250 patients between the ages of 25 and 70 years, belonging to both genders, with thediagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), having a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) of >400, wereincluded. Patients with a previous history of coronary artery bypass grafting, unstable angina, valvular heartdisease, previous myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease were excluded. All patients underwentcoronary angiography, and the frequency of patients with critical stenosis and the pattern of CAD wasascertained. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26, taking a P-value of less than 0.05 as significant.Results: The mean age of patients was 57.4±9.2 years. Out of 250 patients, 161 (64.4%) had CACS of 400-1000,while 89 patients (35.6%) had CACS above 1000. A total of 184 patients (73.6%) had significant CAD. CACS ofmore than 1000 was significantly associated with a higher risk of critical CAD (P=0.004). Age >50 years (P=0.035)and male gender (P=0.019) were found to be significantly associated with a higher CACS as well as the presenceof critical CAD.Conclusion: A high…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 250 participants or records.
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