P1218 First Population-Based Case-Control Study showing a 16-fold Increased Risk of Symptomatic Leishmaniasis in IBD Patients treated with Biologics in an endemic Mediterranean Region
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an emerging opportunistic infection in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) living in Mediterranean endemic areas. Valencian Community (Spain) reported the highest incidence rate1. Clinical disease primarily affects hosts with impaired cellular immunity, been IBD patients a potential risk group scarcely explored to date. Clinical spectrum includes cutaneous, visceral and mucocutaneous involvement, although its atypical presentation and challenging diagnosis is well known 2-3. The true magnitude and treatment-related factors are still unknown, and no controlled study has quantified its risk4. We aimed to estimate incidence of symptomatic Leishmania infection and identify factors associated with it.
We conducted an observational multicenter study in the Valencian Community between 2015 and 2022. 16 hospitals participated, comprising a population-based retrospective cohort to estimate incidence of Leishmania in IBD patients, a multicenter case series of confirmed IBD–Leishmaniasis cases to characterize this opportunistic infection, and a matched 1:2 case–control study including 82 cases and 164 controls in order to identify factors associated. Cases were adults with Crohn’s disease or Ulcerative Colitis and symptomatic Leishmania infection confirmed by PCR, histology or culture. Controls were matched by sex, IBD type and birth year. Immunosuppressive exposure at the index date was recorded. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify…
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