Male reproductive health: men’s clock is also ticking
Abstract
Female age exerts signifcant impact on fertility and offspring heath according to a large number of published studies. Women are born with a fixed nonrenewable number of oocytes so as time goes by the so-called ovarian reserve inevitably diminishes and so does fertility (Sirard 2022). Maternal lifestyle and preconceptional health also play an important role in fertility and offspring future health, but until a while ago paternal factors did not seem to matter much and women appeared to carry alone the burden of infertility and their children’s well-being. Recent published studies reveal the need to focus on male reproductive health and include them in policies and guidelines regarding preconception health care as well as infertility (Kaltsas et al. 2023; Shi and Qi 2023; Ye et al. 2023). The lack of interest in the male as far as sexual and reproductive health is concerned can be seen in the newest World Health Organization (WHO) published document on infertility (World Health Organization 2023). According to the WHO, studies with male participation are scarce. Moreover, in the available studies, the number of men participating on those on pooled lifetime and period infertility estimates are much lower than women. To complicate matters further, male reproductive health does not receive the much-needed attention in terms of research and inclusion in the public health agenda (De Jonge and Barratt 2019). Moreover, men have poor knowledge on the importance of preconception…
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