Green synthesis of a manganese oxide-selenium nanocomposite using watermelon peel waste with antimicrobial and mosquitocidal activities
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the successful green biosynthesis of a manganese oxide-selenium nanocomposite (MnO2-Se NC) using watermelon peel waste extract, providing a sustainable approach for valorizing agro-industrial waste into a multifunctional nanomaterial. The biofabricated nanocomposite was characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, DLS and TEM analysis. TEM analysis revealed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 55 nm, while UV-Vis spectra displayed two distinct absorption peaks at 266 and 300 nm, confirming successful nanocomposite formation. The MnO2-Se NC exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 3.9 to 31.25 µg ml-1 and MBC values between 15.62 and 125 µg ml-1. The highest efficacy was observed against Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 3.9 µg ml-1), whereas comparatively lower activity was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 31.25 µg ml-1), with MBC/MIC ratios of 2-4 indicating a bactericidal mode of action. In addition, the nanocomposite demonstrated promising antifungal activity, with MIC/MFC values of 31.25/62.5 µg ml-1 against Candida albicans and 125/500 µg ml-1 against Aspergillus brasiliensis, suggesting greater effectiveness against yeast than filamentous fungi. Furthermore, the MnO2-Se NC showed strong larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Culex pipiens, with significantly lower LC50 and LC90 values (5.6-7.0 ppm) compared to the crude watermelon peel extract (66-100 ppm). These…
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